RSG (Runway State Grop) – METAR
The RSG code in a METAR report provides information about the condition of the runway surface, which is crucial for…
Climb Gradient Calculations – SID Charts
The climb gradient is the rate of climb expressed as a percentage of altitude gain per unit of horizontal distance…
RTOW Charts – Quick Notes | A320
RTOW charts are computed for each runway using approved Airbus performance software called Performance Engineering Program (PEP). They optimize takeoff…
Negative Load Factor (Negative G)
Negative ‘g’ forces, though less common than positive ‘g’ forces in typical flight operations, can still be experienced in various…
Takeoff Segments | Climb Gradient Requirements | Obstacle Clearance Requirements
Takeoff Path and Takeoff Flight Path (Ref JAR/FAR) Takeoff path extends from a standing start to a point at which…
Difference between VA and VB Speeds | Importance of VB (Turbulence Penetration Speed)
While VA (Design Maneuvering Speed) is a familiar concept, there’s another airspeed that often takes a backseat but holds immense…
Choice of Flap Setting for Take-off, Climb and Landing
Flap Setting for Take-off Flaps are used during takeoff to increase the lift coefficient (CL) of the wings, allowing the…
Unexpected switch of Speed Target when RTA is used – A320
Issue When altering the Vapp entry or adjusting altitude constraints, the Flight Plan (F-PLN) profile undergoes a re-computation. If the…
Understand ATS Routes Designators and Airways Naming
Appendix 1 of ICAO Annex 11 outlines the guidelines for naming ATS routes, also known as Airways. This article delineates…