Aircraft Approach Categories (based on threshold speed)
Aircraft performance significantly influences the airspace and visibility required during various maneuvers in an instrument approach procedure. Among the most…
Understanding Visual Illusions for Pilots: Navigating the Hidden Challenges
Visual illusions during flight can significantly impact a pilot’s perception of altitude, position, and speed, leading to incorrect actions and…
MEA, MOCA, MORA, Grid MORA, MAA and MSA
Minimum En-route Altitude (MEA) MEA is the lowest published altitude between two radio fixes or way points that meets obstacle…
BECMG, TEMPO, and NOSIG: Understanding Change Codes in Weather Forecasts
In meteorological forecasts, certain codes are used to indicate expected changes in weather conditions. These codes help pilots and aviation…
Load Factor | V-N Diagram | VA VB VC VD Speeds
In this article we will discuss concepts of load factor, the V-n diagram, and crucial airspeeds. These fundamental principles serve…
Takeoff Speed Optimization – Speed Ratios V1/Vr and V2/Vs
The takeoff optimization principle has the objective of attaining the highest possible performance limited takeoff weight while fulfilling airworthiness requirements.…
Mandatory Performance, Operational Performance and Demonstrated Performance
Performance refers to the capability of an aircraft at various stages of its flight. This capability can be measured in…
Limit Load, Ultimate Load and Factor of Safety
LIMIT LOAD The limit load refers to the maximum load that an aircraft structure is expected to encounter during normal…
Maximum Permissible Take-off Mass Calculation
When calculating the maximum permissible mass for takeoff, several critical limits must be considered. Each of these limits ensures the…
Role of Stall Strips
A stall strip is a small aerodynamic device typically attached to the leading edge of an aircraft wing. Its purpose…