Over the past decades, the global aviation industry has experienced a precarious balance between revenues and costs. Besides, the modern economy is living through an economic recession and so oil prices are now higher than they’ve ever been. Therefore, all over Globe, airlines need to adapt to the competitive world of commercial air travel. Optimization …
Vmcg, Vmca and Vmcl primarily stands for minimum control speed on ground, air and in approach and landing. Vmcg Vmcg is the calibrated airspeed during the take-off run at which if critical engine fails, it is possible to maintain control of aeroplane with use of primary aerodynamic controls alone (rudder) to enable safe takeoff. In …
Following are the available take-off lengths declared by appropriate authorities and ICAO for for different airfields. Knowledge on these terms is important for performance calculations. Clearway, Stopway, TORA, TODA, ASDA & LDA CLEARWAY Clearway is the area beyond the runway not less than 152m wide centrally located about the extended centerline of the runway and under the …
Clearway, Stopway, TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA| Declared Runway Distances Read More »
Balance Field Take Off – A balanced field take off is a condition in which selection of field length is such that accelerated stop distance required (ASDR) is equal to take off distance required (TODR). When V1 is selected such that accelerate-stop distance is equal to accelerate-go distance, the distance is known as the balanced …
Vx and Vy are one of the basic terms in studies of aircraft performance. These speeds are defined for the aircraft to plan the climb of aircraft under various circumstances. These speeds are aircraft specific. Aircraft manufacturer provides these speeds under Pilot Operating Handbook (POH) for that particular aircraft. Best Angle of Climb Airspeed is …
Fuel Policy – Fuel Planning Requirements – Minimum Fuel Requirements – DGCA – ICAO. When is destination alternate aerodrome required? At least one destination alternate aerodrome is required for the IFR flights except for the under-mentioned cases: 1. Duration of flight is such that at the destination: Approach and landing may be made under VMC …
Fuel Policy – Fuel Planning Requirements – Minimum Fuel Requirements – DGCA – ICAO Read More »
RVR (Runway Visual Range) is considered to be better representation of expected distance that the pilot may acquire visual cues on approach than meteorological office reported horizontal visibility. Effect of lighting intensities and background luminescence play a role when establishing an RVR. Due to commercial or other reasons RVR may not be available at all …
Auto Flight System of A320 can be broadly divided into four sections: Input section Information section Computation and Processing Output section INPUT SECTION MCDU 1 – Multifunctional control and display unit, MCDU 2, FCU – flight control unit INFORMATION SECTION Navigation Information (Data), Performance Information (Data), ADIRS – air data and inertial reference system & …
ILS – Instrument Landing System Approach Minima for different categories of approaches are as follows: Categories Decision Height RVR/Visibility Category I not lower than 60m (200 ft) not less than 550m (visibility) and 800m (RVR) Category II lower than 60m (200 ft) but not lower than 30m (100 ft) RVR not less than 300m Category …
ILS (Precision) Approach Minima for different Categories of approaches Read More »
Flight simulators are sophisticated training devices used to replicate the experience of flying an aircraft without actually leaving the ground. They are essential tools for pilot training, proficiency testing, and aircraft development. These simulators are categorized into different certification levels, which indicate their fidelity and accuracy in replicating the flight characteristics of real aircraft. The …
Know about types of Flight Simulators – Level A, B, C, D Read More »
